温馨提示

1.熟悉汽车动力电池挤压、针刺、过充、热失控试验与虚拟仿真的基本原理、方法、流程，具备根据标准开展动力电池试验和分析的能力；
2.了解国家标准中对于锂电池单体、包或系统的安全要求，掌握开展热扩散、挤压、针刺、过充试验的试验条件、试验所需准备及安全性试验方法；
3.掌握电池热扩散、挤压、针刺、过充的具体定义，了解电池内部生热、传热、内反应机理等原理，重点为内部副反应机理； 
4.掌握对热扩散、挤压、针刺、过充试验常用仪器设备的使用，包含电池预处理设备、数据信号采集设备、正式试验设备、录像设备、辅助设备等；了解锂电池热失控未来的发展趋势；
5.对虚拟仿真实验结果进行后处理，提取加热、挤压、针刺、过充热失控触发时间、触发前后电池的电压、关键点的温度变化、电池形变量等，具备数据化分析挤压热失控特性的能力。

 

1.Be familiar with the basic principles, methods and procedures of automobile power battery extrusion, acupuncture, overcharge, thermal runaway test and virtual simulation, and have the ability to carry out power battery testing and analysis according to the standard;
2.Understand the safety requirements for lithium-ion battery cells, packages or systems in the national standards, and master the test conditions, preparations and safety test methods for thermal diffusion, extrusion, acupuncture, and overcharge tests;
3.Grasp the specific definitions of battery thermal diffusion, extrusion, acupuncture, and overcharge, understand the internal heat generation, heat transfer, internal reaction mechanism and other principles of the battery, focusing on the internal side reaction mechanism;
4.Master the use of common instruments and equipment for thermal diffusion, extrusion, acupuncture, and overcharge tests, including battery pretreatment equipment, data signal acquisition equipment, formal test equipment, video recording equipment, auxiliary equipment, etc.; understand the thermal runaway of lithium batteries future trends;
5.Process the results of virtual simulation experiments, and extract the triggering time of heating, squeezing, acupuncture, overcharge and thermal runaway, battery voltage before and after triggering, temperature changes at key points, battery shape variables, etc., with data analysis and squeezing thermal runaway pressure capability characteristics.

新能源汽车动力电池安全

虚拟仿真实验报告

实验总分：

步骤目标要求	目标达成度赋分模型	满分	得分
了解新能源汽车动力电池分类、结构等知识。	4道测试题，每道4分，第一次填写错误则不得分	16
学习判断电池正常状态的方法与测量电池尺寸和重量的方法	电池选择正确，则给5分；选择错误一次扣一分，5分扣完为止	5
学习电池充电方法，电池充电参数设置方法	设置四个充电参数每个3分，一个测试题4分。参数第一次填写正确给3分，第二次填写正确给1分，三次才填写正确不得分；测试题第一次填写不正确则不得分	16
学习热扩散实验前期准备工作	2道测试题 ，每道4分，第一次填写错误则不得分	8
学习热扩散实验流程及数据分析方法	实验完成5分，电池安全性判断正确2分	7
学习电池挤压实验准备工作流程	完成学习得5分	5
学习挤压设备参数设置方法，分析挤压实验数据并判断安全性	设置三个设备参数，每个2分，第一次填写不正确则不得分，实验完成3分，电池安全性判断正确2分	11
学习电池针刺实验准备工作流程	完成学习得5分	5
学习针刺设备参数设置方法，分析针刺实验数据并判断安全性	设置三个设备参数，每个2分，第一次填写不正确则不得分，实验完成3分，电池安全性判断正确2分	11
学习电池过冲实验准备工作流程	完成学习得5分	5
学习电池充电参数设置方法，分析过充实验数据并判断安全性	设置三个设备参数，每个2分，第一次填写不正确则不得分，实验完成3分，电池安全性判断正确2分	11

一、实验目的

锂电池热失控仿真实验可显著降低实验教学成本、提高实验教学效率、降低安全风险，本实验的具体目的如下：

（1）增进学生对锂电池热失控理论知识的理解，理论联系实践，培养学生解决实际工程问题的能力；

（2）熟悉锂电池热失控试验与虚拟仿真的基本原理、方法、流程，具备根据标准开展锂电池热失控试验和分析的能力；

（3）了解国家标准中对于锂电池单体、包或系统的安全要求，掌握开展热失控试验的试验条件、试验所需准备及安全性试验方法；

（4）掌握锂电池热失控的具体定义，了解电池内部生热、传热、内反应机理等原理，重点为内部副反应机理；

（5）掌握对热失控试验常用仪器设备的使用，包含电池预处理设备、数据信号采集设备、正式试验设备、录像设备、辅助设备等；了解锂电池热失控未来的发展趋势；

（6）对虚拟仿真实验结果进行后处理，提取热失控触发时间、触发前后电池的电压、关键点的温度变化、电池形变量等，具备数据化分析热失控特性的能力。

（7）培养学生针对虚拟仿真实验存在的问题，独立分析，探寻解决方案，满足工程教育认证及新工科人才培养需求，具备一定解决实际工程问题的能力。

二、实验仪器

计算机一台（操作系统： Win7及以上；浏览器：IE8.0；处理器：Intel 2.2GHz；内 存：2GB；硬盘空间：80G；显卡：分辨率1280x1024；网络：1000Mbps以太网卡；显示器：14英寸以上；网速：2M）。

新能源汽车动力电池安全虚拟仿真实验软件。

三、实验原理

基于实际锂电池而建立的锂电池虚拟模型，与实际电池具有相同的几何结构、电荷分配、电极、电解质材料属性设置。用于热失控分析评价的虚拟电池与实际试验电池的电化学性能完全一致，虚拟仿真数据与实际实验数据高度吻合。因此，虚拟仿真锂电池热失控实验与实际锂电池热失控试验具有等效性，可用于电池安全性预测、防护、评估，完全满足工程开发评价要求。

四、实验方法

根据《电化学与电池技术》、《汽车安全技术》等课程教学要求和实验教学内容，开展“新能源汽车动力电池安全性检测虚拟仿真实验”的实验教学。本实验包括动力电池的基础知识与安全检测实验两个模块。使学生了解电池安全性实验的基本内容，掌握电池安全性检测的操作流程和实验数据分析方法，深入理解影响动力电池安全性的主要因素和电池出现燃烧甚至爆炸等事故的原理。具体实验方法如下：
（1）学生进行实验之前需要预习，查根据《电化学与电池技术》、《汽车安全技术》等课程教学要求和实验教学内容，开展“新能源汽车动力电池安全性检测虚拟仿真实验”的实验教学。本实验包括动力电池的基础知识与安全检测实验两个模块。使学生了解电池安全性实验的基本内容，掌握电池安全性检测的操作流程和实验数据分析方法，深入理解影响动力电池安全性的主要因素和电池出现燃烧甚至爆炸等事故的原理。具体实验方法如下：
（1）学生进行实验之前需要预习，查阅文献资料，完成预习报告；
（2）做实验时，先要通过软件初始界面的“电池认知”按钮，进入电池学习环节，了解实验目的、实验原理、认知电池结构、认知实验场地与仪器设备；
（3）完成认知后进入实验操作环节，完成电池针刺、挤压、热扩散以及过充电、过放电等安全检测实验。
（4）在实验结束后，处理数据并分析结果，最终形成实验报告。
阅文献资料，完成预习报告；
（2）做实验时，先要通过软件初始界面的“电池认知”按钮，进入电池学习环节，了解实验目的、实验原理、认知电池结构、认知实验场地与仪器设备；
（3）完成认知后进入实验操作环节，完成电池针刺、挤压、热扩散以及过充电、过放电等安全检测实验。
（4）在实验结束后，处理数据并分析结果，最终形成实验报告。

五、实验步骤

实验步骤
本实验有中文版、英文版2个版本，使用者根据需求自行选择，2个版本的操作一样。

第一步：电池认知学习
打开实验链接，查看实验要求。选择软件语种，点击开始实验，选择第1个模块，学习动力电池类型、结构、分类、工作原理等知识。在实验过程中，需要回答测试题。

第二步：热扩散实验准备
点击右上角返回主页按钮，选择第2个模块热扩散实验。学习实验目的、实验原理和实验注意事项，然后进入热扩散测试实验室。

第三步：电池选择与测量
点击备选电池模型，选择合适电池，选择错误会提示并扣分。
点击电子秤，测量实验用单体电池重量。
点击测量工具，测量单体电池长宽高尺寸。
点击抹布模型，清理电池上油污等污渍。

第四步：电池充电
点击测量完毕的电池模型，将电池安装到支架上。
点击电池，连接充电线，测量元件。
点击电脑，设置充电参数，设置充电过程中电压、电流值。

第五步：加热片和传感器设置
点击测量仪器，测得加热片内阻、计算加热功率。
点击电池模型，布置传感器，组建实验电池组并放置加热元件，连接数据采集仪。
点击防爆门控制器，降下防爆门。

第六步：热扩散实验与数据分析
点击下一步按钮，开始实验，观察热扩散过程中电池的各种变化。
点击地秤模型，测量实验后电池组的重量，与实验前重量对比。
生成实验数据，结合实验现象判断电池是否为合格产品。

第七步：电池挤压实验准备流程
进入挤压实验模块，点击挤压头，在实验设备上放置挤压头。
点击电池模型，选择所需电池做实验，通过上下左右键调整电池位置。
连接电池测量元件，关闭防爆门。

第八步：挤压实验参数设置、结果分析
点击模型，进入挤压设备控制软件，点击相应的参数位置，设置挤压参数。
完成挤压实验过程，包括电池变形以及有可能出现的燃烧。
根据实验数据数据、曲线，结合实验现象判断电池的安全性。

第九步：针刺实验准备
进入针刺实验模块，点击刺针，在实验设备上安装刺针。
点击电池模型，选择当前电池做针刺实验，通过上下左右键调整电池位置。
连接电池测量元件，关闭防爆门。

第十步：针刺实验参数设置、结果分析
点击电脑模型，进入针刺设备控制软件，设置针刺参数。
完成针刺实验过程，包括电池刺穿以及有可能出现的燃烧。
根据实验数据、曲线，结合实验现象判断电池的安全性。

第十一步：电池过充实验准备
点击电池模型，确定过充实验所使用的的电池类型，连接充电线和测量元件。
点击电脑模型，设置电池充电过程相关参数。
关闭防爆门，准备开始实验。

第十二步：过充实验数据采集、结果分析
通过摄像机观察电池在过充状态下电池的变化。
采集实验数据，结合实验现象判断电池是否在过充方面满足安全性要求。

第十三步：提交考核结果，查看操作成绩，撰写实验报告并提交。

六、实验结果
1.热扩散实验

2.挤压实验

3.针刺实验

4.过充实验

七、思考题

1.新一代二次电池包括什么?

Virtual simulation experiment report for safety detection of power battery of new energy vehicles

Total experiment score:

Step target requirements	Goal achievement scoring model	Full marks	Score
Understand the classification and structure of new energy vehicle power batteries.	4 test questions, each with 4 points, the first time you fill in the blank with a wrong answer, you will not get a score	16
Learn how to judge the normal state of the battery and how to measure the size and weight of the battery	If the battery is selected correctly, 5 points will be awarded; if the battery is selected incorrectly, one point will be deducted once, and 5 points will be deducted until the end of the deduction.	5
Learn battery charging methods and battery charging parameter setting methods	Set four charging parameters each with 3 points, and one test question with 4 points. The first time the parameter is filled correctly, 3 points are given, the second time is filled correctly, it is given 1 point, and it is not scored if it is filled at the third time; the test question is not filled in correctly the first time, it is not scored.	16
Study the preparatory work of the thermal diffusion experiment	2 test questions, 4 points for each, no score for the first time you fill in the error	8
Learn the thermal diffusion experiment process and data analysis method	5 points for the completion of the experiment, 2 points for the correct battery safety judgment	7
Learn the battery extrusion experiment preparation workflow	5 points for completion of study	5
Learn the parameter setting method of extrusion equipment, analyze the data of extrusion experiment and judge the safety	Set three device parameters, each with 2 points. If you fill incorrectly for the first time, you won’t get a score. After the experiment is completed, you will get 3 points. The battery safety judgment is correct for 2 points.	11
Learn the battery acupuncture experiment preparation workflow	5 points for completion of study	5
Learn the parameter setting method of acupuncture equipment, analyze the data of acupuncture experiment and judge the safety	Set three device parameters, each with 2 points. If you fill incorrectly for the first time, you won’t get a score. After the experiment is completed, you will get 3 points. The battery safety judgment is correct for 2 points.	11
Learn the battery overshoot experiment preparation workflow	5 points for completion of study	5
Learn how to set battery charging parameters, analyze overcharge experiment data and judge safety	Set three device parameters, each with 2 points. If you fill incorrectly for the first time, you won’t get a score. After the experiment is completed, you will get 3 points. The battery safety judgment is correct for 2 points.	11

1. The purpose of the experiment

Thermal runaway simulation experiment of Lithium-ion batteries can significantly reduce experimental teaching costs, improve experimental teaching efficiency, and reduce safety risks. The specific objectives of this experiment are as follows:

(1) Improve students' understanding of the theoretical knowledge of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, integrate theory with practice, and cultivate students' ability to solve practical engineering problems;

(2) Be familiar with the basic principles, methods and procedures of thermal runaway test and virtual simulation of lithium-ion batteries, and have the ability to carry out thermal runaway test and analysis for lithium-ion batteries according to the standard;

(3) Understand the safety requirements for lithium-ion battery cells, packs or systems in the national standards, and master the test conditions, preparations and safety test methods for conducting thermal runaway tests;

(4) Grasp the specific definition of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, understand the principles of internal heat generation, heat transfer, internal reaction mechanism, etc., with emphasis on internal side reaction mechanism;

(5) Master the use of common instruments and equipment for thermal runaway tests, including battery’s pre-processing equipment, data signal acquisition equipment, formal test equipment, video recording equipment, auxiliary equipment, etc.; understand the future development trend of lithium-ion battery’s thermal runaway;

(6) Process the results of the virtual simulation experiment, extract the thermal runaway trigger time, battery voltage before and after the trigger, temperature changes at key points, battery shape variables, etc., with the ability to analyze thermal runaway characteristics data.

(7) Train students to independently analyze and explore solutions for the problems in virtual simulation experiments, meet the needs of engineering education certification and new engineering talent training, and have a certain ability to solve actual engineering problems.

2. Experimental equipment

One computer (operating system: Win7 and above; browser: IE8.0; processor: Intel 2.2GHz; memory: 2GB; hard disk space: 80G; graphics card: resolution 1280x1024; network: 1000Mbps Ethernet card; monitor: 14 inches Above; Internet speed: 2M).

Virtual simulation experiment software of safety tests for power batteries in new energy vehicles.

3.Experimental principle

The virtual model of the lithium-ion battery based on the actual lithium-ion battery has the same geometric structure, charge distribution, electrode and electrolyte material property settings as the actual battery. The electrochemical performance of the virtual battery used for thermal runaway analysis and evaluation is completely consistent with the actual test battery, and the virtual simulation data is highly consistent with the actual experimental data. Therefore, the virtual simulation of thermal runaway experiment is equivalent to actual thermal runaway experiment of the lithium-ion battery , which can be used for battery safety prediction, protection, and evaluation, and fully meets the requirements of engineering development evaluation.

4。Experimental methods

According to the teaching requirements and experimental teaching content of courses such as "Electrochemistry and Battery Technology" and "Automotive Safety Technology", the experimental teaching of "Virtual simulation experiment for safety detection of power battery of new energy vehicles" is carried out. This experiment includes two modules: basic knowledge of power battery and safety testing experiment. To enable students to understand the basic content of battery safety experiments, master the operation process of battery safety testing and experimental data analysis methods, and deeply understand the main factors affecting the safety of power batteries and the principles of accidents such as battery combustion or explosion, the specific experimental methods are as follows:

(1) Students need to preview before conducting experiments. According to the teaching requirements and experimental teaching content of "Electrochemistry and Battery Technology", "Automobile Safety Technology" and other courses, carry out the " Virtual simulation experiment for safety detection of power battery of new energy vehicles " experiment teaching. This experiment includes two modules: basic knowledge of power battery and safety testing experiment. To enable students to understand the basic content of battery safety experiments, master the operation process of battery safety testing and experimental data analysis methods, and deeply understand the main factors affecting the safety of power batteries and the principles of accidents such as battery combustion or explosion, the specific experimental methods are as follows:
(2) Before conducting the experiment, students need to preview, check literature and complete the preview report;
(3) When doing experiments, students must first enter the battery learning link through the "Battery Awareness" button on the initial interface of the software, to understand the purpose of the experiment, experimental principles, cognitive battery structure, and cognitiveexperiment venues and equipment;
(4) After completing the cognition, enter the experimental operation link, and complete the safety testing experiments such as battery acupuncture, squeeze, thermal diffusion, overcharge and overdischarge.
(5) After the experiment is over, process the data and analyze the results, and finally form the experiment report. Read the literature and complete the preview report;
(6) When doing experiments, you must first enter the battery learning link through the "Battery Awareness" button on the initial interface of the software, to understand the purpose of the experiment, experimental principles, and cognitive battery structure, experiment venues and equipment;
(7) After completing the cognition, enter the experimental operation link, and complete the safety testing experiments such as battery acupuncture, squeeze, thermal diffusion, overcharge and overdischarge.
(8) After the experiment is over, process the data and analyze the results, and finally form the experiment report.

5. Experimental steps

Experimental steps
There are two versions of this experiment: Chinese and English. Users can choose according to their needs. The operation of the two versions is the same.

Step 1: Battery cognition learning
Open the experiment link to view the experiment requirements. Select the software language, click to start the experiment, and select the first module to learn about the type, structure, classification, and working principle of the power battery. During the experiment, test questions need to be answered.

Step 2: Preparation for thermal diffusion experiment
Click the return home button in the upper right corner and select the second module thermal diffusion experiment. Learn the purpose of the experiment, the principle of the experiment, and the precautions of the experiment, and then enter the thermal diffusion test laboratory.

Step 3: battery selection and measurement
Click on the alternative battery model and select the appropriate battery. If you select an error, you will be prompted and points will be deducted.

Click on the electronic scale to measure the weight of the single battery used in the experiment.

Click the measuring tool to measure the length, width and height of the single battery.

Click on the rag model to clean the grease and other stains on the battery.

Step 4: Charging the battery

Click on the battery model that has been measured and install the battery on the bracket.

Click on the battery, connect the charging cable, and measure the component.

Click on the computer to set the charging parameters, and set the voltage and current values during the charging process.

Step 5: Heater and sensor settings

Click the measuring instrument to measure the internal resistance of the heating plate and calculate the heating power.

Click on the battery model, arrange the sensors, build the experimental battery pack and place the heating element, and connect to the data acquisition instrument.

Click on the explosion-proof door controller to lower the explosion-proof door.

Step 6: Thermal diffusion experiment and data analysis

Click the Next button to start the experiment and observe the various changes of the battery during the thermal diffusion process.

Click on the floor scale model to measure the weight of the battery pack after the experiment and compare it with the weight before the experiment.

Generate experimental data and determine whether the battery is a qualified product based on the experimental phenomenon.

Step 7: Preparation process for battery extrusion experiment

Enter the extrusion experiment module, click on the extrusion head, and place the extrusion head on the experimental equipment.

Click on the battery model, select the desired battery for experiment, and adjust the battery position by pressing the up, down, left, and right buttons.

Connect the battery measuring element and close the explosion-proof door.

Step 8: Parameter setting and result analysis of extrusion experiment

Click the model to enter the extrusion equipment control software, click the corresponding parameter position, and set the extrusion parameters.

Complete the extrusion test process, including battery deformation and possible burning.

Judge the safety of the battery according to the experimental data, curves and experimental phenomena.

Step 9: Preparation for acupuncture experiment

Enter the acupuncture experiment module, click the puncture needle, and install the puncture needle on the experimental device.

Click the battery model, select the current battery for acupuncture experiment, and adjust the battery position by pressing the up, down, left, and right buttons.

Connect the battery measuring element and close the explosion-proof door.

Step 10: Acupuncture experiment parameter setting and result analysis

Click on the computer model to enter the acupuncture equipment control software and set the acupuncture parameters.

Complete the acupuncture experiment process, including battery puncture and possible burning.

Judge the safety of the battery based on experimental data, curves and experimental phenomena.

Step 11: Preparation for battery overcharge experiment

Click on the battery model to determine the type of battery used in the overcharge experiment, and connect the charging cable and measuring components.

Click on the computer model to set the relevant parameters of the battery charging process.

Close the explosion-proof door and prepare to start the experiment.

Step 12: Data collection and result analysis of overcharge experiment

Observe the change of the battery in the overcharged state through the camera.

Collect experimental data and determine whether the battery meets safety requirements in terms of overcharging based on experimental phenomena.

Step 13: Submit the assessment results, check the operation results, write the experiment report and submit it.

6. Experimental results
1. Thermal diffusion experiment

2. Extrusion experiment

3. Acupuncture experiment

4. Overcharge experiment

7.Questions

1. What does the new generation of secondary batteries include?